French military chiefs were dubious about their ability to win another war against Germany on its own, especially an offensive war. Frieda narrates the whole story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents. After an afternoon of relaxing in a field, splitting milkweed stems. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. With fresh memories of fighting and living in squalid, open-air trenches, the French spent a decade building a 300-mile (482-kilometer) series of underground fortifications that would be both impenetrable and comfortable to live in. She asks where "Polly" is, something that infuriates Claudia because even Pecola calls her own mother "Mrs. These are large reinforced buried concrete bunkers, equipped with armoured turrets containing high-precision optics, connected with the other fortifications by field telephone and wireless transmitters (known in French by the acronym T.S.F., Tlgraphie Sans Fil). Keep in mind, says Kirchubel, that the French didn't believe that the Maginot Line alone could win another war with Germany. The Britishwho openly championed the German position on reparationsapplied intense economic pressure on France to change its policies towards Germany. Elihue's own education brings him into contact with the Western canon, but in these great works he understands only what he wishes to see. These GFM cloches were sometimes used to emplace machine guns or observation periscopes. Dont have an account? So look for a guy on youtube called feedback gaming. It breaks and the girls run away, scared. The MacTeer family does not have light eyes. Pecola, not knowing that the meat is poisoned, brings it to the dog. Not according to Robert Kirchubel, a military historian with the FORCES Initiative at Purdue University. Middle-aged, he has never married and has a lecherous side. But modern historians are increasingly making a bold claim: It wasn't the Maginot Line that failed, it was diplomacy and French armored tactics. When he returned, Mr. and Mrs. MacTeer attacked him. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Continue to start your free trial. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Pauline points out the hypocrisy of the woman, who says she's thinking of Pauline's future but won't give her the small sum she needs to pay the gas man. Music Producer, Rapper, Gamer, Artist , Just trying to make it through this thing called LIFE!! The Maginot Line Two score and six years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, delivered a speech that would forever mark how America viewed race relations. [20] The drop in the birth rate during and after the war, resulting in a national shortage of young men, created an "echo" effect on the generation that provided the French conscript army in the mid-1930s. Instant PDF downloads. It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. Sometimes it can end up there. The term "Maginot Line" has become a part of the English language: "America's Maginot Line" was the title used for an Atlantic Magazine article about America's military bases in Asia. He is a kind man and excellent storyteller. The moment is painfully evoked: "There I was five months pregnant, trying to look like Jean Harlow, and a front tooth gone. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Even as an adult, Mrs. Breedlove is inferior to the little white girl, as shown when the little girl calls her by the nickname "Polly." [17] With the United States isolationist and Britain stoutly refusing to make the "continental commitment" to defend France on the same scale as in World War I, the prospects of Anglo-American assistance in another war with Germany appeared to be doubtful at best. The third person narrator points out that for the cavity to have grown, the conditions for it to fester must have been in placea clear metaphor for the social forces that have trapped Pauline in a hard and joyless life. Answer (1 of 4): To piggyback on the Merrimac theory, I found the following on @lordofkingz: The Real Scope on nursery rhyme Miss Mary Mack #DailyBlackHistory and I think it is interesting enough to share here: Slave children were taught corn ditties (the original name for Negro spirituals) to t. A white, comparatively wealthy girl who lives next door to the MacTeers. [53] New York Times headlined "Maginot Line in the Sky" in 2000[54] and "A New Maginot Line" in 2001. . $24.99 Andr Maginot finally convinced the government to invest in the scheme. A quiet, elderly woman who serves as a doctor in the community where Cholly grows up. The Maginot Line (French: Ligne Maginot, IPA:[li maino]), named after the French Minister of War Andr Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. The girl is the daughter of the family that employs Breedlove as a servant. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. They nerfed breaking through the line to the nth degree honestly. The fire control stations would give orders to the hundreds of anti-tank and heavy artillery positions that could pop out of the ground and fire from armored turrets. The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. At a conference in London in 1924 to settle the Franco-German crisis caused by the Ruhrkampf, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald successfully pressed the French Premier douard Herriot to make concessions to Germany. (one code per order). They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Over time, she begins to devote all of her energy to taking care of the Fishers' home, and neglects her own home. He has also acquired the nickname Soaphead Church. Her mother reinforces this connection as well. They merely waited for a chance to launch a counterattack. Discount, Discount Code Still, the last French troops left the Rhineland in June 1930 in exchange for Germany accepting the Young Plan. The Treaty of Versailles: Did the End of WWI Cause the Start of WWII? Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. From front to rear (east to west), the line was composed of: 1. He feels that is right for a black girl like Pecola to long to "see the world with blue eyes," but a thoughtful reader will note that eye color does not have an effect on vision. [22], French planning for war with Germany was always based on the assumption that the war would be la guerre de longue dure (the war of the long duration), in which the superior economic resources of the Allies would gradually grind the Germans down. 8. Patreon: https://www.patr. A co-worker and friend of Chollys during his boyhood. She then comforts the little white girl and begins to clean the black stain off of her pink dress. Dave Roos Don't worry none.". An independent and strong-minded nine-year-old, Claudia is a fighter and rebels against adults tyranny over children and against the Black communitys idealization of white beauty standards. Cloches are non-retractable turrets. It was composed of an intricate system of strong points, fortifications and military facilities such as border guard posts, communications centres, infantry shelters, barricades, artillery, machine-gun and anti-tank-gun emplacements, supply depots, infrastructure facilities and observation posts. [25] Besides the demographic reasons, a defensive strategy served the needs of French diplomacy towards Great Britain. Soaphead Church proceeds to write a letter to God, in which he blames God for making the world badly. The Maginot Line was the brainchild of Marshal Joseph Joffre, a French WWI general, but it was hardly a new idea. 7. 20% By the time the Germans crossed into French soil through Belgium, the fight was all but over. She takes care of the Fishers better than her own family, and there is a strange parallel between her care of the Fishers' daughter and the care of blonde dolls described by Claudia earlier in the novel. General Maurice Gamelin, when drafting the Dyle Plan, believed this region, with its rough terrain, would be an unlikely invasion route of German forces; if it were traversed, it would be done at a slow rate that would allow the French time to bring up reserves and counterattacks. All cloches were made of alloy steel. Based on France's experience with trench warfare during World War I, the massive Maginot Line was built in the run-up to World War II, after the Locarno Conference in 1925 gave rise to a fanciful and optimistic "Locarno spirit". Look up his videos for some good strategy. How much did the Construction of the Maginot line cost? In a sense, the way the MacTeer girls read and misread the adult world echoes the Dick-and-Jane reader at the beginning of the novel. Nobody is home when they arrive at the Breedloves' storefront apartment. He lives in Macon, Georgia, and is short, balding, and mean. At fifteen, she meets Cholly; they marry and move far up to the North. French strategy, therefore, envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. She allows the girls inside. When she speaks to Pecola and her friends, her voice is like rotten pieces of apple, but when she speaks to the white girl, her voice is like honey. The boldest and most pivotal German line of attack ran through the dense Ardennes Forest in Belgium, which both the French and the other Allies had dismissed as impassable. Rosemary Villanucci came out and told Frieda that her father would go to jail, and Frieda hit her. Refine any search. They were also accommodated in complexes of wooden housing adjacent to each fortress, which were more comfortable than living inside, but were not expected to survive wartime bombardment. For African Americans it suggests the possibility of interracial heritage, which may carry with it . Narrow Gauge Railway System: A network of 600mm (.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1ft11+58in) narrow gauge railways was built to rearm and resupply the main fortresses (ouvrages) from supply depots up to 50km (31mi) away. Her parents 20 % By the time the Germans crossed into French soil through Belgium, line... Possibility of interracial heritage, which may carry with it the fight was all but over composed. Your free trial discount, discount Code Still, the fight was all over! 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