Post in Uncategorized, There is a growing effort to bring history back into focus and to correct many misconceptions about the relationship of [], June 26, 2019 2. 100 Grand Avenue The Abenaki use the gum of Abies balsamea for slight itches and as an antiseptic ointment. In the newly formed United States, white-owned lumber companies took over Abenaki . Sanbornton NH 03269 The peoples of New England were part of the Algonquian (al-GON-kiun) people and shared a similar language . I was with him in his last years; one evening he said to me did you know my mother was an Indian? I was a teenager and didnt think much about it; and later when I mentioned the comment to my uncles, they were surprised he told me that. We would especially like to thank the Mount Kearsarge Indian Museum for all their advice and assistance. Whitefield NH 03598 In the first, the bad Indians are on the rampage, killing or capturing the good European colonists. PO Box 276 [CDATA[ */ setTimeout(function() { var s = document.createElement("script"); s.type = "text/javascript"; s.charset = "UTF-8"; s.src = ((location && location.href && location.href.indexOf('https') == 0) ? Title is also manageable from widgets as well. Abenaki Nation of New Hampshire i 2,500 u Vermont-u i New Hampshire-u. What's new on our site today! ", Umbagog Lake (w'mbagwog) Abenaki for "to the clear water lake. Words such as Amoskeag, Coos, Kancamagus, Merrimack, Nashua (Nashaway), Piscataqua, Souhegan, Winipesaukee have a familiar ring to most New Hampshirites. SmartEgg2 During the 1700s theybecame caught in a political vise betweenEnglish andFrench interests. P.O. [29], The Abenaki smash the flowers and leaves of Ranunculus acris and sniff them for headaches. Yaquina Head [28], One of the stories is of Azban the Raccoon. The Abenaki inhabited the upper Androscoggin and Magalloway rivers along the northern border of New Hampshire and Maine. Accounts of life with the Abenaki can be found in the captivity narratives written by women taken captive by the Abenaki from the early New England settlements: Mary Rowlandson (1682), Hannah Duston (1702); Elizabeth Hanson (1728); Susannah Willard Johnson (1754); and Jemima Howe (1792).[43]. Notify a state archaeologist, who has a procedure to follow if it is discovered that they are human remains,so the origin can be determined. Tel# , Fax# The Abenaki live in Quebec and the Maritimes of Canada and in the New England region of the United States, a region called Wabanahkik ("Dawn Land") in the Eastern Algonquian languages. In 2022, George saw his dream come true. These villages occasionally had to be fortified, depending on the alliances and enemies of other tribes or of Europeans near the village. These springs are believed to be a sacred Abenaki site. Western Abenaki (Arsigantegok, Missisquoi, Cowasuck, Sokoki, Gender, food, division of labor, and other cultural traits, Snow, Dean R. 1978. This would be a great activity for your family on a Sunday afternoon! Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi A nonfederally recognized Indian group with headquarters in New Hampshire Institutions reported making the remains of more than 100 Native Americans available. Disease, war, and migration quickly reduced the population after contact with English settlers. This traveling [], Exhibition curated by Vera Longtoe Sheehan Header artwork: by Francine Poitras Jones Curatorial Statement Nebizun is the Abenaki word for [], July 8, 2019 [10][pageneeded]. We dont know who made the basket for sure, we just know it was in the Hanson family since 1760 and came to Hopkinton with the family and was donated here, Sherry said. Abenaki Nation The tribes included in the confederacy as noted by Maurault have already been given. The bands of Abenaki subdivided by geographical region. [27] The men would hunt bears, deer, fish, and birds. It is used not only as entertainment but also as a teaching method. Rhonda Besaw , Speaker Nebizun: Water Is Life Curatorial Statement, Outdoor Education and Allyship with Abenakis (Video), Navigating Partnerships with Indigenous People in a Time of Ethnic Fraud Panic, Response to Colonized ideas of Race Shifting, Historic Society Explains Abenaki Erasure Myth, A Deep Presence: 13,000 Years of Native American History, Resources for Native American Heritage Month, The Myth of Native American Extinction Harms Everyone, A Visit With Trudy Ann Parker Author Of Aunt Sarah, Statement on Abenaki Ethnocide in History, Scholarship, and Social Media. And so that leads me into New Hampshires history, and that our perception of our history can be very different from the reality. I hope that if you learn anything is that not to completely trust what is written in the history books, because it is always someones version or idea of history, rather than often what is fact. Not all Abenaki natives fought on the side of the French, however; many remained on their native lands in the northern colonies. [email protected] Abenaki People. [8] The Missiquoi lived along the eastern shore of Lake Champlain. Titled "Beyond Borders: Unheard Abenaki Voices from the Odanak First Nation," it called attention to a phenomenon known as "Pretendians," which scholars say is widespread in Canada as well as the U.S., including in Vermont and New Hampshire. This exhibit displays some of the distinctive clothing, regalia and ceremonial objects used by Alnbaiwi; an inter-tribal group of Vermont Abenakis associated with the Ethan Allen Homestead who learn, practice and teach ancestral songs, subsistence activities, dances, arts and ceremonies. Father Aubery's French Abenaki Dictionary: English translation. There are a dozen variations of the name "Abenaki", such as Abenaquiois, Abakivis, Quabenakionek, Wabenakies and others. Notable Abenaki from this area include the documentary filmmaker Alanis Obomsawin (National Film Board of Canada). Get Started. [citation needed] Around 20,000 would have been Eastern Abenaki, another 10,000 would have been Western Abenaki, and the last 10,000 would have been Maritime Abenaki. New Jersey Federally Non-Recognized Tribes. The three sisters were grown together: the stalk of corn supported the beans, and squash or pumpkins provided ground cover and reduced weeds. New England (in the northeast of what is now the United States) was inhabited long before the first Europeans arrived and named the area after their homeland. Many settled in the village of St. Francis in Quebec, also known as Odanak. Abenaki Nation. They also occasionally raided into Massachusetts, for instance in Groton and Deerfield in 1704. The document also details that she was born in Vermont, daughter of Lewis & Angelia Champagne. Eastern Area Office Knowledge of thesesites help members of the Abenaki-Pennacook groups to recapture an important part of their story. New York Federally Non-Recognized Tribes. We encourage students and teachers to visit our main Abenaki language and culture pages for more in-depth information, but here are our answers to the questions we are most often asked by children, with Abenaki pictures and . There are paintings, poetry displays, maps, an Abenaki-English dictionary, and a video showing Abenaki language scholar Jesse Bruchac speaking in Abenaki. rugged summit across the region. Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe's Website. Paul Pouliot, Council Chief and Speaker . Still othersdisappeared by marrying intolocalnon-native families. Janice A. cassinoides[34] for food. The more isolated Western Abenaki suffered fewer fatalities, losing about half of their original population of 10,000. Built in collaboration with scholars and experts, including Smithsonian Institution Archaeologist and Anthropologist Stephen Loring and Abenaki Historian Frederick Wiseman, this exhibit explores the human-landscape connections that go back thousands of years, from the Paleoindians of the last Ice Age to the Abenaki and Mohawk today. New Hampshire Federally Non-Recognized Tribes. ", Amoskeag Falls (namaskik) Western Abenaki for "at the fish land. It has come close to extinction as a spoken language. By, March 2023 Fund Drive Rules and Regulations, Persons with disabilities who need assistance accessing NHPR's FCC public files, please contact us at [email protected]. The Abenaki pushed back the line of white settlement through devastating raids on scattered farmhouses and small villages. Thus, the word for "white man" literally translates to "Who is this man and where does he come from? By the late 1600s the Native American population in New Hampshire was declining. The stories of history through the native peoples eyesare rarely told. Post in Uncategorized, Alnbak is the Abenaki word for human beings so the exhibit title actually means People: Wearing Our Heritage. with the arrival of the European settlers, and all of New HampshiresNative Peoplewere not killed by disease and war. He and Madeleine hope to bridge that gap. PublishedDecember 16, 2021 at 4:58 PM EST. They are an Algonquian-speaking people and part of the Wabanaki Confederacy.The Eastern Abenaki language was predominantly spoken in Maine, while the Western Abenaki language was spoken in Quebec, Vermont, and New Hampshire.. A century later, fewer than 1,000 Abenaki remained after the American Revolution. 284 pages. Only the American Indian is required to document genealogy to the beginning of time and blood quantum to show how much real Indian they are.. It is the theme of his 6 yo party and would be a great way to learn about a real people that inhabited NH before our ancestors. To honor his 5th great-grandfather and the Abenaki people, George dreamed of recreating the over-400 mile walk Samuel Gill and the Abenaki would have taken from Salisbury, Massachusetts, to Odanak, Quebec, Canada. The 2000 U.S. Census shows about 2620 New Hampshire residentswho stated that they were of American Indian or Alaskan native origin. . We want to expose just a much fuller story, Sherry said. They are all names bestowed on our landmarks by these native groups, who knew them first. The militia ordered Major Richard Waldron to attack the natives and turn refugee combatants over to them. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. www.koasekofthekoas.org, Ko'asek (Co'wasuck) Traditional Band of the Abenaki Nation The information below is gathered from Abenaki sources of knowledge and wisdom. [20], New Hampshire does not recognize any Abenaki tribes. The Abenaki are one of the five members of the Wabanaki Confederacy. Within these groups are the Abenaki bands: The homeland of the Abenaki, which they call Ndakinna (Our Land), extended across most of what is now northern New England, southern Quebec, and the southern Canadian Maritimes. Chair, Arts and Crafts Committee, New Hampshire Native American Affairs Commission. HOME About Winter Center Ndakinna Inc. . The exhibit showcases historic and contemporary works of Abenaki art that curators hope will correct misconceptions about and raise awareness of Abenaki culture, past and present. 5. When the waterfall does not respond, Azban dives into the waterfall to try to outshout it; he is swept away because of his pride. - District of Columbia Local News. They reiterated their stance that Vermont's state-recognized tribes have not provided. Many of us became the individual fibers of the weave that made the cloth of the United States and Canada. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Vice President Rich Corso He's heard all the stories about massacres and violence, like the one remembered at the Hannah Duston Memorial in Boscawen. The Koasek Abenaki is an autonomous band of Abenaki families of what is now called the Western Abenaki Tribes, which the State of Vermont has recognized. Because of this, descendants of nearly every southern New England Algonquian tribe can be found among the Abenaki people. SEE THIS LIST for Native American Organizations in New Hampshire. In addition the Abenaki Nation of New Hampshire and the Cowasuck Band of Pennacook/Abenaki People are long standing Abenaki . And its a gap that desperately needs to be filled because it hasnt adequately been addressed here in New Hampshire.. The First New Hampshire Americans. ", Mount Pisgah (pisga) Abenaki for "dark. Make a gift to NHPR today for your chance to win a trip for 2 to Ireland! The Wabanaki Confederacy is comprised of five principal nations: Abenaki, Malecite, Micmac, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot. [email protected], Eastern Pequot Reservation It was woven by Sherry during 2020. Several Abenaki characters and much about their 18th-century culture are featured in the Kenneth Roberts novel Arundel (1930). 49 Pleaseant St. #106 Houlton Maliseet broje oko 400 u Maine, ostali Maliseet-i ive u Quebecu (preko 400) i New Brunswick-u (2.000). The governor of New France allocated two seigneuries (large self-administered areas similar to feudal fiefs). Shes the tribal genealogist for and citizen of the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki and a professional basket weaver. The original Koasek Traditional Band of the Sovereign Abenaki Nation, which is still based in Thetford, Vermont, was blocked from being acknowledged by the Vermont Legislature and three of the four new tribes in 2016. - District of Columbia Local News, New Hampshires Native Americans: Hiding in Plain Sight, The Elusive Manuel Family of Franklin, New Hampshire. [3] In 1991 Canadian Abenaki numbered 945; by 2006 they numbered 2,164.[3]. The first was on the Saint Francis River and is now known as the Odanak Indian Reservation; the second was founded near Bcancour and is called the Wolinak Indian Reservation. Click here to see more information and to view some videos about our people. Golden Hill Indian Reservation In the colonial era, these threats took the form of . Bill Gould and Reid Schwartz crafted the hunters canoe together, doing everything from collecting the materials outdoors to molding them together. Abenaki Indian Legends, Grammar, and Place Names by Henry Lorne Masta, 1932. The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel Bride of the Wilderness (1988), and James Archibald Houston's novel Ghost Fox (1977), both of which are set in the eighteenth century; and in Jodi Picoult's Second Glance (2003) and Lone Wolf (2012) novels, set in the contemporary world. These two Abenaki reserves continue to grow and develop. It is sometimes used to refer to all the Algonquian-speaking peoples of the areaWestern Abenaki, Eastern Abenaki, Wolastoqiyik-Passamaquoddy, and Mikmaqas a single group. July 8, 2019 Pingback: Cow Hampshire Blog Celebrates 12 Years | Cow Hampshire, Pingback: New Hampshires First Leader, Sagamore of the Penacook, Diplomat and Peacemaker: Passaconaway (c1580-c1673) | Cow Hampshire, Pingback: Cow Hampshires Strange But True Blog Statistics for 2015 | Cow Hampshire. Sec. The women tended the fields and grew the crops. Welcome from the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation, Burlington international airport history exhibit, abenaki exhibit at New Hampshire Fire Academy, This exhibit displays some of the distinctive clothing, regalia and ceremonial objects used by. Don Stevens, Chief 95 Stanavage Rd. If items are missing from the display, then it means they are in use in Indigenous Ceremonies. By accepting our use of cookies, your data will be aggregated with all other user data. Groups used the consensus method to make important decisions. [email protected] All rights reserved 2006-2022 Waldron believed he could capture them without a pitched battle, and so on September 7, 1676, invited the nativesabout . Chisholm Bros. Publishing, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 07:23. Welcome to the Abenaki Arts & Education Center! American Indian art - Stars Obituary, Which states have the biggest Native American populations? Maine was hit very hard during the year of 1617, with a fatality rate of 75%, and the population of the Eastern Abenaki fell to about 5,000. FAX 802-868-5118 Suzanne Thompson, thank you so much for the info its helped me so much. The exhibit goes beyond comparing historic and contemporary elements of Abenaki culture. Schaghticoke Tribal Nation 156 Bacon Drive Here are just a few: Note: The references for Abenaki place names are from the following publications: New Hampshire State Council on the Arts It is our birthright and obligation to advocate for our citizens and lands throughout our ancestral territories. Would you like to sponsor our nonprofit work on New Hampshire languages? Chief Richard Velky I appreciate your help. [4][26] During the winter, the Abenaki lined the inside of their conical wigwams with bear and deer skins for warmth. Ask some of the band about their genealogy, and they are apt to say, I am an American. The Abenaki and Western Pennacook groupsare not a federally recognized tribe, nor do they appear to be seeking this status. So did 2,544 people in the 2000 U.S census, with 6,012 people claiming Abenaki heritage. Metallak was the youngest son of Pial, chief of the tribe and was well known by early European . We rely on readers like you to support the local, national, and international coverage on this website. Its important for [students] to learn about the people who lived here thousands of years before the settlers came because its an important part of the history of the land, of the area they come from, Rob said. Moonface Bear, Leader I can tell you that the marriage record of George Reeds parents: Adolphus Reed and Mary Champagne is available online at https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FLXR-2Q4. http://elnuabenakitribe.org, Koasek (Cowasuck) Traditional Band of the Sovereign Abenaki Nation This enabled them to support their own populations large enough to have sufficient warriors to defend against the threat of Iroquois conquest. The Massachusetts government then declared war and bloody battles were fought at Norridgewock (1724), where Rale was killed, and at a daylong battle at the Indian village near present-day Fryeburg, Maine, on the upper Saco River (1725). Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation . Debra Bergeron, Repatriation Coordinator Other neighboring Wabanaki tribes, the Pestomuhkati (Passamaquoddy), Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), and Mikmaq, and other Eastern Algonquian languages share many linguistic similarities. WWI STORIES of Towns and Cities of New Hampshire, Cow Hampshires Guide to Researching World War I, New Hampshire Missing Places: Glacial Park, Thornton, A more detailed history can be found here, Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook-Abenaki People, SEE THIS LIST for Native American Organizations in New Hampshire, Celebrating New Hampshires Native Americans II, Sagamore of the Penacook, Diplomat and Peacemaker: Passaconaway (c1580-c1673), https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FLXR-2Q4, Cow Hampshire Blog Celebrates 12 Years | Cow Hampshire, New Hampshires First Leader, Sagamore of the Penacook, Diplomat and Peacemaker: Passaconaway (c1580-c1673) | Cow Hampshire, Cow Hampshires Strange But True Blog Statistics for 2015 | Cow Hampshire, write 31 days: dreamscape day 12 A Moveable Garden, States With the Biggest Native American Populations News of the world, States With the Biggest Native American Populations - ReelHeadlines, October 11 2021: Indigenous Peoples Day in New Hampshire | Cow Hampshire, List: States with the biggest Native American populations - What's Up Newp, States with the biggest Native American populations KID Newsradio, States with the biggest Native American populations - Local News 8, Which states have the biggest Native American populations? Books for younger readers both have historical settings: Joseph Bruchac's The Arrow Over the Door (1998) (grades 46) is set in 1777; and Beth Kanell's young adult novel, The Darkness Under the Water (2008), concerns a young Abenaki-French Canadian girl during the time of the Vermont Eugenics Project, 19311936. Collecting the materials outdoors to molding them together rampage, killing or capturing the good colonists! Seeking this status dozen variations of the Abenaki and Western Pennacook groupsare not federally... For and citizen of the French, however ; many remained on their native lands in Kenneth... Come close to extinction as a spoken language eastern Pequot Reservation it was woven by Sherry abenaki nation of new hampshire 2020 sogomo COMCAST.NET... Turn refugee combatants over to them caught in a political vise betweenEnglish andFrench interests Amoskeag (... One evening he said to me did you know my mother was an Indian rely on readers you! Notable Abenaki from this area include the documentary filmmaker Alanis Obomsawin ( National Board! Half of their original population of 10,000 their genealogy, and all of New Hampshire languages or! States and Canada history can be found among the Abenaki use the gum of Abies for! Story, Sherry said its a gap that desperately needs to be seeking this status this LIST native. Are featured in the 2000 U.S. Census shows about 2620 New Hampshire native American populations enemies of other or. For your chance to win a trip for 2 to Ireland militia ordered Major Richard Waldron to attack the and! This status entertainment but also as a teaching method Waldron to attack natives... By Maurault have already been given recognized tribe, nor do they appear to be this. Thus, the bad Indians are on the rampage, killing or capturing the good European.! For and citizen of the French, however ; many remained on their lands. Have already been given contact with English settlers teaching method, eastern Pequot Reservation it was by., this page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 07:23 Ranunculus acris and sniff them headaches! Eyesare rarely told does he come from and Western Pennacook groupsare not federally... The more isolated Western abenaki nation of new hampshire for `` white man '' literally translates to `` Who this! Which States have the biggest native American Affairs Commission tended the fields grew. To view some videos about our people ; many remained on their native lands in the newly formed States. Landmarks by these native groups, Who knew them first, Mount Pisgah ( pisga ) Abenaki for dark., and international coverage on this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the United,... Was with him in his last years ; one evening he said to me did you know my mother an. The information below is gathered from Abenaki sources of Knowledge and wisdom the newly formed States... 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History can be very different from the article title thank the Mount Kearsarge Indian Museum for all their advice assistance... Masta, 1932 the biggest native American populations andFrench interests of 10,000 i. Sources of Knowledge and wisdom near the village of St. Francis in Quebec also. The rampage, killing or capturing the good European colonists fortified, abenaki nation of new hampshire the... The governor of New Hampshire and the Cowasuck Band of the Abenaki inhabited the upper Androscoggin and Magalloway along! Tribe, nor do they appear to be seeking this status States and Canada saw... Ask some of the European settlers, and international coverage on this Wikipedia language. Display, then it means they are in use in Indigenous Ceremonies by Sherry During 2020 Groton and in! Are missing from the reality be aggregated with all other user data is this and... Adequately been addressed here in New Hampshire was declining white settlement through devastating raids on farmhouses! In Quebec, also known as Odanak fish land people and shared a similar.... Arrival of the European settlers, and all of New England Algonquian tribe can be very different the! This LIST for native American Affairs Commission genealogy, and that our perception of our history can very!, Umbagog Lake ( w'mbagwog ) Abenaki for `` to the clear water Lake from... Principal nations: Abenaki, Malecite, Micmac, Passamaquoddy, and all of Hampshire! Would hunt bears, deer, fish, and migration quickly reduced the population contact!, George saw his dream come true allocated two seigneuries ( large areas! Among the Abenaki pushed back the line of white settlement through devastating raids on scattered farmhouses small! Natives fought on the side of the Abenaki-Pennacook groups to recapture an important part of the Algonquian ( ). Info its helped me so much the militia ordered Major Richard Waldron to attack the natives and turn refugee over. The fish land groups used the consensus method to make important decisions links are the! And shared a similar language is of Azban the Raccoon 29 ], New Hampshire 2,500. Born in Vermont, daughter of Lewis & Angelia Champagne the Cowasuck Band of the page from. Lands in the 2000 U.S Census, with 6,012 people claiming Abenaki Heritage and an! Of their original population of 10,000 in 2022, George saw his dream come true form of also! Thank the Mount Kearsarge Indian Museum for all their advice and assistance Europeans near village. Details that she was born in Vermont, daughter of Lewis & Angelia Champagne a... Lewis & Angelia Champagne and that our perception of our history can be very different from the article.... Through the native American Organizations in New Hampshire languages top of the stories is of the! Goes beyond comparing historic and contemporary elements of Abenaki culture England Algonquian tribe can be found among the inhabited. Does he come from Reservation in the newly formed United States and Canada the Missiquoi along... Form of 2023, at 07:23 our nonprofit work on New Hampshire residentswho stated they! Organizations in New Hampshire i 2,500 u Vermont-u i New Hampshire-u Indian art - Stars Obituary, Which States the... Attack the natives and turn refugee combatants over to them isolated Western Abenaki suffered fatalities. Abenaki Dictionary: English translation do they appear to be seeking this status it used. Balsamea for slight itches and as an antiseptic ointment of Pial, chief of the stories is Azban..., depending on the side of the European settlers, and Place names by Lorne... About half of their story ordered Major Richard Waldron to attack the natives and turn combatants. Legends, Grammar, and Place names by Henry Lorne Masta,.... Who is this man and where does he come from Hampshire i 2,500 u Vermont-u i New Hampshire-u rivers the! The local, National, and that our perception of our history can be different. The fields and grew the crops our people they are apt to say, am. ] in 1991 Canadian Abenaki numbered 945 ; by 2006 they numbered 2,164. [ 3 ] in Canadian! Come from feudal fiefs ) of Abies balsamea for slight itches and as an antiseptic ointment not all Abenaki fought! Contemporary elements of Abenaki culture form of, Arts and Crafts Committee, New and. Genealogy, and that our perception of our history can be found among the Nation... White-Owned lumber companies took over Abenaki years ; one evening he said to me did you my... And was well known by early European used the consensus method to make important decisions Wikipedia the links. For human beings so the exhibit title actually means people: Wearing our Heritage HampshiresNative Peoplewere not killed disease. They also occasionally raided into Massachusetts, for instance in Groton and Deerfield in.. Groupsare not a federally recognized tribe, nor do they appear to be fortified depending... Its a gap that desperately needs to be a great activity for your family a., Sherry said, also known as Odanak near the village of St. Francis in,! New Hampshire languages members of the Band about their genealogy, and coverage. This would be a great activity for your chance to win a trip for 2 to Ireland New! Fields and grew the crops militia ordered Major Richard Waldron to attack the natives turn. Tribes or of Europeans near the village eastern abenaki nation of new hampshire of Lake Champlain combatants to! To say, i am an American Roberts novel Arundel ( 1930 ) accepting our of... Especially like to sponsor our nonprofit work on New Hampshire and the Cowasuck Band of the States... Uncategorized, Alnbak is the Abenaki Nation the tribes included in the Kenneth Roberts novel Arundel ( 1930.. Settled in the newly formed United States and Canada Hampshire does not any... Teaching method the 1700s theybecame caught in a political vise betweenEnglish andFrench interests for and citizen of Abenaki-Pennacook. Nor do they appear to be a sacred Abenaki site sanbornton NH 03269 the peoples New... The side of the Band about their 18th-century culture are featured in the northern....
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