When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. He died young (about 1526) having married the heir of Roger Lewknor. The Execution of a Duke. It was a small mercy. She began to write for the. Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. More would stand trial for his life. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. His decision to become a lay Christian now made, More quickly married. [4] After her husband's death, Margaret had such inadequate means to support herself and her children that she was forced to live at Syon Abbey as the guest of the Bridgettine nuns. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. It did not matter. As part of his 'Random Histo. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. The governors of Lincoln admired him enough to appoint him lecturer on law for three consecutive years. Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! My faithfulness stands fast and so, As the heir to the throne, Mary enjoyed a separate household, and in 1525 she was sent to Ludlow to hold court. Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. The remnants of the Plantagenets had no difficulty in breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. Wolsey, for all his brilliance and cunning, could not compete with that influence. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Did she plot against the crown? The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. Columbus, Ohio Area. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. However, we should not assume that Mortons politics had any profound impact upon More. She was cousin to Henry VIII's mother, and well trusted by the king for years. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. That was clear to Cromwell almost from the first, and perhaps to More, too. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. Fitzwilliam despaired of getting anything out of her but denials, and paid her a twisted compliment in the way Tudor men did: We may call her rather a strong and constant man than a woman she has shown herself so earnest, vehement and precise that more could not be. When he told her that her goods had been seized, she must have known it was the beginning of the end, and seemeth thereat to be somew[hat] appalled, but neither then nor at any later point did she profess anything but loyalty to Henry and regret at her familys folly. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? Thomas More was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the son of a successful lawyer. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. 3. Henry accepted Mores resignation. Birth Country: United Kingdom. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. For example, as Lord Chancellor, More proclaimed the opinion of the English universities as favorable to the kings annulment. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. Later in life, he bitterly resented her abandonment of him. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. The king raged. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. These are not consistent; and ifas he claimed at one pointPole rejected the Divorce in 1526 and refused the Oath of Supremacy in 1531, he received benefits from Henry for a course of action for which others were sentenced to death. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Henry VII also decided, about that time, to marry the 15-year-old Margaret to his half-cousin, Sir Richard Pole. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. Her father, Duke of Clarence and brother to Edward IV, switched sides several times during that long family battle over the crown of England. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. A Bill of Attainder disinherited Margaret and her younger brother, Edward, and removed them from the line of succession. A painting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: 'unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury'. This was not due to any dislike of the king. Warwick Investigating An Anemometer. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. Despite widespread belief, even amongst Protestants, that Rich was lying, his statement was enough for a fresh inquiry to begin. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. He had long felt a calling to the priesthood. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. Sir Thomas Pole was a member of the aristocracy in England. He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. Pole, niece of both Edward IV and Richard III, was the only woman apart from Anne Boleyn to hold a peerage in her own right during the . Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 27 May 1541), was an English peeress.She was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, and Isabel Neville and was niece of kings Edward IV and Richard III.Margaret was one of two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right with no titled husband. Stoke was a decisive victory. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. Her life, marked by stunning reversals of fortune, is an irresistible subject, but it presents a familiar difficulty for the historian. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. Quite the opposite. Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. But Reginald Pole refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532. It was not so much a letter as a small book. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. His crusade against his native land was never launched, but many years later he would return, Archbishop of Canterbury to Mary Tudor, and join in heresy-hunting and the burning of reformers. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. It was Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter, who claimed to be brittle and fragile; one of the most persistent of the aristocratic plotters against Henry, she was in trouble in 1533 for her contacts with Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, whose florid line in prophecy was discomfiting to the regime. The Editor Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . Joan, wife of Roger Swillington. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. After the first round of questioning she was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. In 1512, an Act of Parliament restored to Margaret the Earldom of Salisbury and some of her brother's land which had belonged to it, for which she paid 5000 marks (2666.13s.4d), equivalent to 2,164,602 in 2021. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. But not before Lina imparted . Even as he secretly wore a hair shirt, he openly and consistently fasted, prayed, and maintained a relatively modest household. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. The feast day of Blessed Margaret Pole is 28 May, and she was beatified 1886 by Pope Leo VIII. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. [12] In May 1536, Reginald finally and definitively broke with the king. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. Henry VII paid for Richard's funeral. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. He had a true gift for friendship and inspired deep loyalty amongst his family and friends. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. Margaret was a great heiress, grand-daughter of the Earl of Warwick who was known as the Kingmaker. Thomas More was beheaded in 1535 for his refusal to accept the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Succession (1534) of Henry VIII of England and swear allegiance to Henry as head of the English Church. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. This is what Margaret is now, besides paper and ink, and the ruins of her palaces: pieces of breastbone and pelvis, a single finger bone and four vertebrae. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. The king financed Richards funeral. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. Where is Hans Holbein when you need him? More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. Birth Year: 1478. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. In fact she was 67. The one potentially scandalous act of his life was his quick second marriage to a widow seven years his senior, Alice Middleton. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. Perhaps the contrast with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. Get the best results here. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. We do not know. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. Margaret kept silent on the matter. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. Biography. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. But they have never been proven, and in fact they seem pretty far fetched. England became an embattled nation. Both men were enthusiastic Humanist scholars, but they parted ways with regard to the kings prerogative. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". It was delivered in manuscript form, but at any time it could be printed and circulated through Europe. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . Because of this, she becomes an unprovoked target for the King's anger. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. 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