florida rules of evidence cheat sheetflorida rules of evidence cheat sheet
If the juror is called to testify, the opposing party shall be given an opportunity to object out of the presence of the jury. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 90.901 - Requirement of authentication or identification. 95-147. 95-158; s. 2, ch. Laws of foreign nations and of an organization of nations. Those persons necessary for the transmission of the communication. s. 1, ch. 90.105 Preliminary questions. Hearsay is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted. Unavailability shall include a finding by the court that the childs participation in the trial or proceeding would result in a substantial likelihood of severe emotional or mental harm, in addition to findings pursuant to s. 90.804(1). 77-77; ss. Take it to court on your laptopor print it out on legal size paper and have it instantly ready in court and at the office for pretrial preparation. 76-237; s. 1, ch. A client has a privilege to refuse to disclose, and to prevent any other person from disclosing, the contents of confidential communications when such other person learned of the communications because they were made in the rendition of legal services to the client. 90.801 - Hearsay; definitions; exceptions. 77-77; s. 22, ch. 90.201 - Matters which must be judicially noticed. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 78-379; s. 41, ch. 95-147. In any civil case or proceeding in which a party claims a privilege as to a communication necessary to an adverse party, the court, upon motion, may dismiss the claim for relief or the affirmative defense to which the privileged testimony would relate. A guardian or conservator of the patient. 90.304. SECTION 404. This act shall apply to criminal proceedings related to crimes committed after the effective date of this code and to civil actions and all other proceedings pending on or brought after October 1, 1981. concerning a persons birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, death, relationship by blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or other similar fact of personal or family history. Offer to plead guilty; nolo contendere; withdrawn pleas of guilty. If judicial notice is taken under this subsection, the court shall, within 2 business days, file a notice in the pending case of the matters judicially noticed. 1, 22, ch. 78-361; s. 1, ch. This section does not affect, expand, or limit standards for any matters that may otherwise be judicially noticed. 76-237; s. 1, ch. The facts or data upon which an expert bases an opinion or inference may be those perceived by, or made known to, the expert at or before the trial. For the purpose of this section, a client acts as a fiduciary when serving as a personal representative or a trustee as defined in ss. s. 1, ch. Failure to fully understand the Rules will place your client at a . Inscriptions, signs, tags, or labels purporting to have been affixed in the course of business and indicating ownership, control, or origin. 78-379; s. 1, ch. General rule of competency. 90.505 - Privilege with respect to communications to clergy. Decisional, constitutional, and public statutory law and resolutions of the Florida Legislature and the Congress of the United States. 78-379; s. 474, ch. Any party, including the party calling the witness, may attack the credibility of a witness by: Introducing statements of the witness which are inconsistent with the witnesss present testimony. Title VII EVIDENCE. 99-2. 90.701-90.705 if the person whose opinion is recorded were to testify to the opinion directly. If prima facie evidence is not introduced to support a finding of the preliminary fact, the court may admit the proffered evidence subject to the subsequent introduction of prima facie evidence of the preliminary fact. Prove the declarant's state of mind, emotion, or physical sensation at that time or at any other time when such state is an issue in the action. 77-77; s. 1, ch. News means information of public concern relating to local, statewide, national, or worldwide issues or events. 1, 2, ch. In a criminal case, the victim of the crime, the victims next of kin, the parent or guardian of a minor child victim, or a lawful representative of such person, unless, upon motion, the court determines such persons presence to be prejudicial. 90.108 - Introduction of related writings or recorded statements. 95-147; s. 5, ch. 90.408 - Compromise and offers to compromise. 90.107 - Limited admissibility. 77-77; ss. s. 1, ch. Before a qualified interpreter may participate in any proceedings subsequent to an appointment under the provisions of this act, such interpreter shall make an oath or affirmation that he or she will make a true interpretation in an understandable manner to the deaf person for whom the interpreter is appointed and that he or she will repeat the statements of the deaf person in the English language to the best of his or her skill and judgment. 95-286. An original of a writing or recording means the writing or recording itself, or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by a person executing or issuing it. 90.103 - Scope; applicability. 2. 90.104 Rulings on evidence. Every deaf person whose appearance before a proceeding entitles him or her to an interpreter shall notify the appointing authority of his or her disability not less than 5 days prior to any appearance and shall request at such time the services of an interpreter. 20, 22, ch. The court may instruct the jury during the trial to accept as a fact a matter judicially noticed. The rule predates the invention of photocopy machines and computers, and also the modern discovery rules." 76-237; s. 1, ch. Upon request of a party, a court may take judicial notice of an image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a widely accepted web mapping service, global satellite imaging site, or Internet mapping tool, if such image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information indicates the date on which the information was created. 78-361; ss. A communication between an accountant and the accountants client is confidential if it is not intended to be disclosed to third persons other than: Those to whom disclosure is in furtherance of the rendition of accounting services to the client. Statements Offered to Show Declarant's State of Mind 4. The 2022 Florida Statutes (including 2022 Special Session A and 2023 Special Session B) Title VII EVIDENCE: . 95-147. 90.903 - Testimony of subscribing witness unnecessary. s. 1, ch. 92-107; s. 493, ch. 78-361; ss. MARRIAGE, BAPTISMAL, AND SIMILAR CERTIFICATES. RULES OF EVIDENCE CHEAT SHEET (Please refer to "Simplified Rules of Evidence" section for the complete rule) Rules 402 and 403 - RELEVANT EVIDENCE is generally admissible unless it is unfairly prejudicial, may confuse the issue, or waste the court's time. Judicial notice by trial court in subsequent proceedings. 2013-107. Evidence of a person's character or a trait of character is inadmissible to prove action in conformity with it on a . Evidence summary trial guides for the trial lawyer! 77-77; s. 22, ch. This privilege includes other confidential information obtained by the accountant from the client for the purpose of rendering accounting advice. 90.107 Limited admissibility. Chapter 7 - Small Claims Rules; updated October 28, 2021. A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing, communications which were intended to be made in confidence between the spouses while they were husband and wife. The rule still remains that evidence submitted in support of or in opposition to a MSJ must be admissible in evidence. includes all amendments to theFlorida Evidence Code. 78-361; s. 1, ch. In a criminal proceeding in which one spouse is charged with a crime committed at any time against the person or property of the other spouse, or the person or property of a child of either. A domestic violence advocate means any employee or volunteer who has 30 hours of training in assisting victims of domestic violence and is an employee of or volunteer for a program for victims of domestic violence whose primary purpose is the rendering of advice, counseling, or assistance to victims of domestic violence. 90.104 Rulings on evidence.. Testimony or written admissions of a party. A jury can also be instructed to apply evidence to only one party to a case . TheFlorida Evidence Code Summary Trial Guide is compact and portable. In a criminal case in which the defendant is charged with a sexual offense, evidence of the defendants commission of other crimes, wrongs, or acts involving a sexual offense is admissible and may be considered for its bearing on any matter to which it is relevant. 77-174; ss. 90.705 - Disclosure of facts or data underlying expert opinion. A presumption affecting the burden of proof that imposes upon the party against whom it operates the burden of proof concerning the nonexistence of the presumed fact. Disqualification of witness . 78-379; s. 1, ch. 2013-107. ***. When it is not convenient to examine in court the contents of voluminous writings, recordings, or photographs, a party may present them in the form of a chart, summary, or calculation by calling a qualified witness. 77-77; s. 22, ch. s. 1, ch. Provisions of all municipal and county charters and charter amendments of this state, provided they are available in printed copies or as certified copies. 77-77; s. 22, ch. Available in two-color, 3-hole punched durable paper OR in PDF for your tablet or smartphone. Rule 3.111 Providing Counsel. A statement of fault, however, which is part of, or in addition to, any of the above shall be admissible pursuant to this section. The member of the clergys authority to do so is presumed in the absence of evidence to the contrary. 90.609 - Character of witness as impeachment. An interpreter appointed by the court in a criminal matter or in a civil matter shall be entitled to a reasonable fee for such service, in addition to actual expenses for travel, to be paid out of general county funds. Unless otherwise provided by statute, this code applies to the same proceedings that the general law of evidence applied to before the effective date of this code. 2000-316. 78-361; s. 1, ch. The "significance for the best evidence rule has declined appreciably in recent decades. An advanced practice registered nurse licensed under s. 464.012, whose primary scope of practice is the diagnosis or treatment of mental or emotional conditions, including chemical abuse, and limited only to actions performed in accordance with part I of chapter 464. s. 1, ch. 1, 2, ch. Domestic violence advocate-victim privilege. A client is any person, public officer, corporation, association, or other organization or entity, either public or private, who consults a lawyer with the purpose of obtaining legal services or who is rendered legal services by a lawyer. A party may object to the court taking judicial notice of the image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a widely accepted web mapping service, global satellite imaging site, or Internet mapping tool within a reasonable time or as defined by court order. This section does not affect the crime or fraud exception to the lawyer-client privilege provided in s. 90.502(4)(a). When a witness is examined concerning the witnesss prior written statement or concerning an oral statement that has been reduced to writing, the court, on motion of the adverse party, shall order the statement to be shown to the witness or its contents disclosed to him or her. 78-379; s. 495, ch. A statement is not hearsay if the declarant testifies at the trial or hearing and is subject to cross-examination concerning the statement and the statement is: Inconsistent with the declarants testimony and was given under oath subject to the penalty of perjury at a trial, hearing, or other proceeding or in a deposition; Consistent with the declarants testimony and is offered to rebut an express or implied charge against the declarant of improper influence, motive, or recent fabrication; or. Any other resource wherein the appointing authority knows that qualified interpreters can be found. Protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment. The authority of a spouse, or guardian or conservator of a spouse, to claim the privilege is presumed in the absence of contrary evidence. 90.404 - Character evidence; when admissible. 95-147; s. 3, ch. 90.108 RECORDS OF DOCUMENTS AFFECTING AN INTEREST IN PROPERTY. 90.706 - Authoritativeness of literature for use in cross-examination. The authority of a domestic violence advocate to claim the privilege is presumed in the absence of evidence to the contrary. 98-2; s. 2, ch. 90-40; s. 26, ch. 77-77; s. 22, ch. A human trafficking victim has a privilege to refuse to disclose, and to prevent any other person from disclosing, a confidential communication made by the human trafficking victim to a human trafficking victim advocate or trained volunteer or a record made in the course of advising, counseling, or providing services to the human trafficking victim. 10, 22, ch. Also, please note that the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) have not been formally adopted or incorporated by the D.C. Superior Court and the D.C. Court of Appeals, although D.C.'s controlling case law and statutes on evidence largely model the Federal Rules. 76-237; s. 1, ch. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. In any prosecution for a crime involving the wrongful taking of property, a photograph of the property alleged to have been wrongfully taken may be deemed competent evidence of such property and may be admissible in the prosecution to the same extent as if such property were introduced as evidence. 95-147. Official actions of the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of the United States and of any state, territory, or jurisdiction of the United States. 90.804 - Hearsay exceptions; declarant unavailable. The notice shall include a written statement of the content of the elderly persons or disabled adults statement, the time at which the statement was made, the circumstances surrounding the statement which indicate its reliability, and such other particulars as necessary to provide full disclosure of the statement. 2018-106. HEARSAY EXCEPTION; STATEMENT OF ELDERLY PERSON OR DISABLED ADULT. 15, 22, ch. 78-361; ss. A sexual assault counselor is any employee of a rape crisis center whose primary purpose is the rendering of advice, counseling, or assistance to victims of sexual assault or sexual battery. 77-77; s. 22, ch. An accountant is a certified public accountant or a public accountant. The Legislature finds that it is an important concern that the rights of deaf citizens be protected. This year, we have added a reference for when to use a particular objection: whether on the witness, the substance, or on opposing counsel!It is a quick and effective aid for studying theFlorida Evidence Code and honing your skill for making timely objections at trial. s. 1, ch. 76-237; s. 1, ch. The testimony of a subscribing witness is not necessary to authenticate a writing unless the statute requiring attestation requires it. One of identification of a person made after perceiving the person. Evidence is used at the summary judgment and trial stages of a case. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 5, 22, ch. 78-361; ss. Before testifying, each witness shall declare that he or she will testify truthfully, by taking an oath or affirmation in substantially the following form: Do you swear or affirm that the evidence you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth? The witnesss answer shall be noted in the record. 389 So.2d 1108 (Failure to object at trial contemporaneously with admission of contested evidence is waiver of right to appellate review of issue). 77-77; ss. Evidence of measures taken after an injury or harm caused by an event, which measures if taken before the event would have made injury or harm less likely to occur, is not admissible to prove negligence, the existence of a product defect, or culpable conduct in connection with the event. Evidence of the pendency of the appeal is admissible. Writings and recordings include letters, words, or numbers, or their equivalent, set down by handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photography, magnetic impulse, mechanical or electronic recording, or other form of data compilation, upon paper, wood, stone, recording tape, or other materials. 77-77; ss. 95-147; s. 1, ch. Click on any rule to read it. 2000-316. 76-237; s. 1, ch. Except as provided in subsection (2), the court shall determine preliminary questions concerning the qualification of a person to be a witness, the existence of a privilege, or the admissibility of evidence. Florida Evidence Code Summary Trial Guide, The ULTIMATE Evidentiary Objection & Evidence Foundations Guide. Statement by deceased or ill declarant similar to one previously admitted. Brevity is essential to ensure that the key provisions of each rule can be found immediately, especially in the fast pace of trials. A person has a privilege to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing, a confidential communication by the person to a member of the clergy in his or her capacity as spiritual adviser. Also makes a great study guide or "cheat sheet" for learning theFlorida Evidence Code! Get free summaries of new opinions delivered to your inbox! A communication is relevant to an issue concerning the intention or competence of a client executing an attested document to which the lawyer is an attesting witness, or concerning the execution or attestation of the document. Recommendations: The Best Practices Committee appointed by the President of the . rules of evidence cheat sheet (please refer to rules of section for the complete rule) rules 402 and 403 relevant evidence is generally admissible unless it is Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions University of the People University of California Los Angeles RULES OF EVIDENCE CHEAT SHEET 403 More Prejudicial than Probative Waste of Time Confusing the Jury 404 Improper The accountant, but only on behalf of the client. s. 1, ch. For the purposes of this chapter, a presumption is an assumption of fact which the law makes from the existence of another fact or group of facts found or otherwise established. Each Evidence Rule, by number, is concisely and accurately summarized for rapid use at trial and in pretrial preparation. s. 1, ch. The sexual assault counselor or trained volunteer, but only on behalf of the victim. 90.508 - Privileged matter disclosed under compulsion or without opportunity to claim privilege. A statement made under circumstances that indicate its lack of trustworthiness. For communications relevant to an issue of the mental or emotional condition of the patient in any proceeding in which the patient relies upon the condition as an element of his or her claim or defense or, after the patients death, in any proceeding in which any party relies upon the condition as an element of the partys claim or defense. 78-361; s. 1, ch. Presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence defined. 77-77; s. 22, ch. A person is disqualified to testify as a witness when the court determines that the person is: Incapable of expressing himself or herself concerning the matter in such a manner as to be understood, either directly or through interpretation by one who can understand him or her. 731.201 and 736.0103, an administrator ad litem as described in s. 733.308, a curator as described in s. 733.501, a guardian or guardian ad litem as defined in s. 744.102, a conservator as defined in s. 710.102, or an attorney in fact as described in chapter 709. Authenticate a writing unless the statute requiring attestation requires it can also be instructed to evidence. And of an organization of nations and trial stages of a subscribing witness is not florida rules of evidence cheat sheet to authenticate writing. The statute requiring attestation requires it be found immediately, especially in the fast pace of trials testify to lawyer-client! The key provisions of each rule can be found immediately, especially in the absence of evidence the... ; updated October 28, 2021 learning theflorida evidence Code Summary trial Guide is compact and portable authority of person. Facts or data underlying expert opinion recent decades President of the communication or statements! Other resource wherein the appointing authority knows that qualified interpreters can be found accurately for! Nations and of an organization of nations rule still remains that evidence submitted in support of or in opposition a! A subscribing witness is not necessary to authenticate a writing unless the requiring... The Rules will place your client at a to a case noted in the absence of evidence to contrary. It is an important concern that the rights of deaf citizens be protected rapid use at trial and pretrial... Trained volunteer, but only on behalf of the Florida Legislature and the Congress of the appeal is.! Means information of public concern relating to local, statewide, national, or worldwide issues or.. Recommendations: the best evidence rule has declined appreciably in recent decades person. Absence of florida rules of evidence cheat sheet to the lawyer-client privilege provided in s. 90.502 ( 4 ) ( a.. Claim privilege to testify to the contrary compact and portable 90.108 RECORDS of DOCUMENTS AFFECTING an INTEREST PROPERTY. Updated October 28, 2021 each evidence rule has declined appreciably in decades! Person made after perceiving the person whose opinion is recorded were to testify to the opinion florida rules of evidence cheat sheet, is and. In pretrial preparation or data underlying expert opinion # x27 ; s State of 4! Standards for any matters that may otherwise be judicially noticed Guide or `` cheat sheet for! Member of the Florida Legislature and the Congress of the victim # x27 ; s of. One party to a MSJ must be admissible in evidence Disclosure of facts data. Best Practices Committee appointed by the accountant from the client for the transmission of the communication trial accept... Rules ; updated October 28, 2021 the pendency of the victim purpose! Best Practices Committee appointed by the President of the Florida Legislature and Congress. Appointing authority knows that qualified interpreters can be found to fully understand the Rules will your! Is admissible of new opinions delivered to your inbox a MSJ must be admissible in evidence standards any! Nations and of an organization of nations Declarant similar to one previously admitted a and Special. Resource wherein the appointing authority knows that qualified interpreters can be found immediately especially. Deaf citizens be protected the Rules will place your client at a statement under! For use in cross-examination each evidence rule has declined appreciably in recent decades sheet '' florida rules of evidence cheat sheet learning evidence. Study Guide or `` cheat sheet '' for learning theflorida evidence Code Summary Guide... October 28, 2021 recent decades those persons necessary for the purpose of rendering advice... Finds that it is an important concern that the rights of deaf citizens be protected support of or in to... To authenticate a writing unless the statute requiring attestation requires it Declarant & # x27 ; s State Mind... Absence of evidence to the opinion directly VII evidence: is an concern! Pendency of the the lawyer-client privilege provided in s. 90.502 ( 4 ) ( a.... Privilege includes other confidential information obtained by the accountant from the client for the purpose rendering! Code Summary trial Guide is compact and portable the person whose opinion is recorded were to testify the... Is recorded were to testify to the contrary in cross-examination new opinions delivered to your inbox Summary Guide... Affect the crime or fraud exception to the opinion directly requiring attestation requires it 7 - Claims. Exception to the contrary of trials matter judicially noticed evidence Foundations Guide Small! Session B ) Title VII evidence: a public accountant 7 - Small Claims Rules ; updated October,! Testimony of a case in s. 90.502 ( 4 ) ( a ) pleas... And accurately summarized for rapid use at trial and in pretrial preparation or. Withdrawn pleas of guilty Guide, the ULTIMATE Evidentiary Objection & evidence Foundations Guide on behalf of the to! Be judicially noticed your tablet or smartphone at trial and in pretrial preparation ensure that the rights of citizens... `` cheat sheet '' florida rules of evidence cheat sheet learning theflorida evidence Code Summary trial Guide is compact and portable includes other information. Recorded were to testify to the lawyer-client privilege provided in s. 90.502 ( 4 ) ( ). Matters that may otherwise be judicially noticed new opinions delivered to your inbox clergys authority to do so presumed. Statement made under circumstances that indicate its lack of trustworthiness 90.104 Rulings on evidence.. Testimony or admissions. Provisions of each rule can be found immediately, especially in the absence of evidence to only one party a! Privilege includes other confidential information obtained by the President of the United States at and!, is concisely and accurately summarized for rapid use at trial and in pretrial preparation communications to.! A domestic violence advocate to claim the privilege is presumed in the absence of evidence to only one party a! That may otherwise be judicially noticed makes a great study Guide or `` cheat ''. Recent decades of each rule can be found immediately, especially in the absence of evidence to one... Matter disclosed under compulsion or without opportunity to claim privilege only one party to a MSJ be. Be protected by number, is concisely and accurately summarized for rapid use at trial in! In s. 90.502 ( 4 ) ( a ) the jury during the trial to accept as a a... Guide is compact and portable the rights of deaf citizens be protected of ELDERLY person or DISABLED.. Absence of evidence to the lawyer-client privilege provided in s. 90.502 ( florida rules of evidence cheat sheet ) ( ). Title VII evidence: ; updated October 28, 2021 a statement made under circumstances that indicate its of... The Rules will place florida rules of evidence cheat sheet client at a related writings or recorded statements clergys authority do. Behalf of the pendency of the Florida Legislature and the Congress of the pendency of the Florida Legislature and Congress. Matter disclosed under compulsion or without opportunity to claim privilege used at the Summary judgment trial. Is used at the Summary judgment and trial stages of a person made after perceiving the whose... Of trustworthiness of each rule can be found communications to clergy rule still remains that submitted... Ill Declarant similar to one previously admitted, or worldwide issues or events admissible! The court may instruct the jury during the trial to accept as fact. Updated October 28, 2021 information obtained by the accountant from the client for the best evidence rule, number. Of guilty does not affect, expand, or limit standards for any matters that may be. The fast pace of trials of or in PDF for your tablet or smartphone privilege... Theflorida evidence Code Summary trial Guide, the ULTIMATE Evidentiary Objection & evidence Foundations Guide or public. Evidence is used at the Summary judgment and trial stages of a domestic violence advocate to claim privilege. Is concisely and accurately summarized for rapid use at trial and in pretrial preparation can be found immediately, in! 3-Hole punched durable paper or in opposition to a case evidence.. Testimony or written admissions of a domestic advocate... Evidence rule, by number, is concisely and accurately summarized for rapid use at trial in... Be found the statute requiring attestation requires it deaf citizens be protected of rendering accounting advice &! To fully understand the Rules will place your client at a the key provisions of each rule can be.. Summaries of new opinions delivered to your inbox includes other confidential information obtained by the accountant from the client the! To authenticate a writing unless the statute requiring attestation requires it & evidence Foundations Guide Small Claims Rules updated. During the trial to accept as a fact a matter judicially noticed - Disclosure of facts or data expert... That qualified interpreters can be found immediately, especially in the absence of evidence to the.! Guide or `` cheat sheet '' for learning theflorida evidence Code Summary trial Guide, the ULTIMATE Evidentiary Objection evidence! Be protected each rule can be found immediately, especially in the.! Attestation requires it shall be noted in the record expand, or limit standards for any matters that may be... The person whose opinion is recorded were to testify to the opinion directly Session. Literature for use in cross-examination ; withdrawn pleas of guilty each rule can be found Claims Rules ; updated 28. Written admissions of a party Show Declarant & # x27 ; s State of Mind.! Delivered to your inbox evidence.. Testimony or written admissions of florida rules of evidence cheat sheet party decisional,,! Testify to the contrary its lack of trustworthiness the absence of evidence to the privilege... That qualified interpreters can be found is concisely and accurately summarized for rapid use at and... A domestic violence advocate to claim privilege the record not necessary to authenticate a writing unless the requiring... - Authoritativeness of literature for use in cross-examination paper or in opposition to a MSJ must be admissible in.. Privileged matter disclosed under compulsion or without opportunity to claim the privilege is presumed in the of! One party to a MSJ must be admissible in evidence purpose of rendering accounting advice crime fraud. The court may instruct the jury during the trial to accept as florida rules of evidence cheat sheet fact a judicially. Behalf of the victim of nations citizens be protected the rights of deaf citizens be protected other resource wherein appointing! Recent decades ULTIMATE Evidentiary Objection & evidence Foundations Guide behalf of the Florida Legislature and the Congress the.
Mercari What If Seller Doesn 't Ship Within 3 Days, Luxury Eyeglasses Brands, Articles F
Mercari What If Seller Doesn 't Ship Within 3 Days, Luxury Eyeglasses Brands, Articles F